For instance xanthan gum or hydroxyethylcellulose are good gelling agents for this purpose (in case of hydroxyethylcell.
PHASE A – will still contain water, glycerin and a gelling agent (or not, but I will explain this later… so keep reading 🙂 ), but you will have to pay attention to which gelling agent you choose: you need to choose a gelling agent which won’t break down in presence of salts or other tricky ingredients (for example carbopol ultrez 21 is one of these difficult gelling agenta). There is still Phase A and Phase B but they will be slightly different: We have learnt how to formulate a lotion, but what is and how to formulate a serum? 🙂ġ) a serum is usually a very light lotion (this means usually 2%, maximum 4% fats),ģ) it has a very high concentration of ACTIVE INGREDIENTS.Ĥ) it doesn’t have to be heated (actually this is a consequence of the previous points)ĥ) the function of a serum is to give an extra boost of good ingredients to your skin (just to be clear: the function of a cream is to be emollient and hydrate to the skin… therefore wishing to create “the ultimate hydrating serum” is like expecting to bake the best cake in the world without an oven: if you want hydration, you make a cream… if you want to feed your skin with an extra-boost of vitamins, antioxidants, anti-aging ingredients and sooo on, you make a serum).
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